G-402

The G-402 cell line is a human renal leiomyosarcoma line derived from a primary tumor of the left kidney of a 75-year-old patient. It is made up of elongated spindle-shaped fibroblast-like cells which form as adherent monolayers reflecting its smooth muscle origin. The line has the typical ultrastructure of smooth muscle cells, with numerous microfilaments with thick bodies and expresses smooth muscle actin (SMA) and desmin. G-402 cells are microsatellite stable (MSS) and contain a heterozygous missense mutation in the TP53 gene (p.Arg282Trp).

In culture G-402 cells are maintained in a nutritionally complete basal medium (e.g., DMEM or McCoy's 5A) supplemented with serum and L-glutamine, under standard conditions (37°C, 5% CO₂). At 70-80% confluence they are sub-cultured in trypsin/EDTA, usually at a 1:3 to 1:6 ratio.

G-402 is commonly utilized in soft tissue sarcoma research, notably for investigating molecular drivers of leiomyosarcoma development, p53 pathway dysregulation and tumor cell invasion. It is also used in anti-angiogenic and anti-fibrotic drug screening and as a comparison model for the study of the differential biology between renal cell carcinoma and rare renal sarcomas and for the evaluation of targeted therapy for smooth muscle malignancies.