Immortalized Rat Hepatic Stellate Cells (CFSC-8B)

The CFSC-8B cell line is an immortalized rat hepatic stellate cell (HSC) line derived from the liver of a rat with carbon tetrachloride (CCl₄)-induced cirrhosis, first established in 1991. Like other HSCs, these perisinusoidal cells reside in the space of Disse and play a central role in maintaining the hepatic microenvironment, primarily storing vitamin A in their lipid droplets during quiescence. In response to chronic liver injury (or standard culture on plastic), HSCs activate and transdifferentiate into a myofibroblast-like state capable of producing and secreting large quantities of extracellular matrix (ECM) compounds, notably type I collagen, which are the hallmark of hepatic fibrosis.

The CFSC-8B cell line exhibits a proliferating myofibroblast-like phenotype expressing key markers and cytokines associated with fibrogenesis. The cells express α-smooth muscle actin (α-SMA), desmin, glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP), collagens (types I and III), and soluble mediators including transforming growth factor-beta (TGF-β), platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF), and hepatocyte growth factor (HGF). They also contain abundant lipid droplets and Golgi apparatus, functional scavenger receptors (e.g., Stabilin‑1, LRP‑1), and respond to exogenous TGF‑β1 or acetaldehyde activation by further upregulating ECM production and proliferation.

As with other CFSC derivatives, the CFSC-8B genome exhibits extensive chromosome rearrangements and copy‑number variations (pseudotriploid karyotype), which should be considered when interpreting results concerning genetic stability. However, the major advantage of this line lies in its homogeneous, reproducible, and unlimited supply, overcoming the substantial hurdles of primary HSC isolation, which requires specialized equipment, trained personnel, and regulatory approval. Consequently, CFSC‑8B is an essential tool for high‑throughput antifibrotic drug screening, mechanistic studies of the TGF‑β1/Smad signaling axis in fibrosis, and investigations of liver regeneration and toxicology.