Macrophages
Macrophage is a type of phagocyte that engulfs and digests pathogens and apoptotic cells. Macrophages are produced by the differentiation of monocytes, which turn into macrophages when they leave the blood. These macrophages are found in virtually all tissues where they patrol for potential pathogens by amoeboid movement. They have various forms throughout the body, such as histiocytes, Kupffer cells, alveolar macrophages, microglia, etc., but all are part of the mononuclear phagocyte system. In addition to phagocytosis, they play a key role in non-specific defense (innate immunity) and also help to initiate specific defense mechanisms (adaptive immunity) by recruiting other immune cells.
Macrophages are extremely plastic cells that can rapidly change their functional profile through a process called polarization. Macrophage polarization is indeed the process by which macrophages respond to stimuli from the local microenvironment and acquire a specific functional phenotype. According to their polarization status, macrophages can be divided into M0, M1 (classically activated or pro-inflammatory), and M2 (alternatively activated or anti-inflammatory) macrophages.
M0 macrophages can be considered as naive macrophages that have not been exposed to any pro- or anti-inflammatory stimulus or environment.
M1 macrophages are activated, typically by IFN-γ or lipopolysaccharide (LPS), and produce pro-inflammatory cytokines, phagocytize microbes, and trigger an immune response. M1 macrophages produce nitric oxide (NO) or reactive oxygen intermediates (ROI) to protect against bacteria and viruses.
M2 macrophages are activated by exposure to certain cytokines such as IL-4, IL-10, or IL-13. M2 macrophages will produce either polyamines to induce proliferation or proline to induce collagen production. These macrophages are involved in wound healing and tissue repair. M2 macrophages can be further divided into M2a, M2b, M2c, and M2d depending on their stimulus for the activation. The M2 macrophages induced by IL-4 or IL-13 are called M2a, M2b macrophages are induced by poly IC or TLR or IL-1R agonists, and M2c are induced by IL-10 and glucocorticoids. M2d macrophages, also known as tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs), are induced by TLR ligands and A2 adenosine receptor (A2R) agonists, or by IL-6, and contribute to tumor angiogenesis, growth and metastasis.
Filters Clear all filters
Species
- Bovine (22)
- Cat (45)
- Chicken (11)
- Chinchilla (1)
- Dog (118)
- Fish (1)
- Fruitfly (1)
- Goat (46)
- Guinea Pig (8)
- Hamster (94)
- Horse (1)
- Human (800)
- Minipig (2)
- Monkey (129)
- Mouse (875)
- Pig (110)
- Rabbit (249)
- Rat (324)
- Sheep (2)
- Squirrel (1)
- Turkey (1)
Source
- Adipose (32)
- Adrenal Gland (11)
- Airway (8)
- Anus (3)
- Aorta (86)
- Artery (180)
- Bile Duct (9)
- Bladder (49)
- Blood (193)
- Bone (13)
- Bone Marrow (157)
- Brain (163)
- Breast (64)
- Bronchus (43)
- Cartilage (29)
- Cervix (5)
- Chorion (5)
- Choroid (9)
- Ciliary Body (1)
- Colon (63)
- Conjunctiva (9)
- Cord Blood (24)
- Cornea (27)
- Dental Pulp (4)
- Dermis (111)
- Diaphragm (3)
- Ear (12)
- Embryo (24)
- Endometrium (11)
- Epidermis (26)
- Epididymis (3)
- Esophagus (35)
- Eye (95)
- Foreskin (2)
- Gallbladder (4)
- Gingiva (20)
- Hair Follicle (15)
- Heart (72)
- Intestine (152)
- Iris (1)
- Kidney (151)
- Lens (4)
- Liver (117)
- Lung (193)
- Lymph Node (27)
- Mesentery (18)
- Nose (5)
- Olfactory Bulb (1)
- Oral Cavity (12)
- Ovary (72)
- Oviduct (7)
- Pancreas (68)
- Pancreatic Duct (3)
- Pancreatic Islet (11)
- Parathyroid Gland (4)
- Penis (7)
- Perineurium (1)
- Periodontal Ligament (5)
- Periodontium (25)
- Peripheral Blood (153)
- Peritoneal Cavity (14)
- Placenta (29)
- Prostate (62)
- Pudenda (2)
- Rectum (3)
- Retina (38)
- Salivary Gland (3)
- Sclera (3)
- Seminal Vesicle (1)
- Skeletal Muscle (36)
- Skin (155)
- Small Intestine (56)
- Spinal Cord (10)
- Spleen (76)
- Stomach (37)
- Synovial Fluid (2)
- Synovium (13)
- Tendon (8)
- Testis (15)
- Thymus (51)
- Thyroid (34)
- Tongue (6)
- Tonsil (3)
- Tooth (4)
- Trabecular Meshwork (3)
- Trachea (46)
- Umbilical Cord (29)
- Ureter (10)
- Urethra (3)
- Uterus (61)
- Vas Deferens (1)
- Vein (104)
Cell Type
- Adipocyte (4)
- Astrocyte (34)
- B Cell (30)
- Basal Cell (3)
- Basophil (1)
- Beta Cell (3)
- Cardiomyocyte (18)
- CD133+ Cell (6)
- CD34+ Cell (21)
- Cholangiocyte (9)
- Chondrocyte (19)
- Dendritic Cell (15)
- Endothelial Cell (688)
- Endothelial Progenitor Cell (7)
- Eosinophil (1)
- Epithelial Cell (516)
- Fibroblast (473)
- Glial Cell (58)
- Goblet Cell (1)
- Granule Cell (2)
- Granulocyte (12)
- Granulosa Cell (1)
- Hepatic Stellate Cell (9)
- Hepatocyte (22)
- Interstitial Cell (10)
- Keratinocyte (24)
- Keratocyte (3)
- Kupffer Cell (8)
- Leydig Cell (3)
- Lymphocyte (84)
- Macrophage (31)
- Mast Cell (3)
- Melanocyte (11)
- Meningeal Cell (5)
- Mesangial Cell (10)
- Mesothelial Cell (5)
- Microglia (7)
- Microvascular Cell (308)
- Monocyte (16)
- Mononuclear Cell (110)
- Myeloid Cell (2)
- Myoblast (5)
- Myofibroblast (3)
- Myosatellite Cell (2)
- Neuron (50)
- Neutrophil (10)
- NK Cell (11)
- Oligodendrocyte (3)
- Oligodendrocyte Progenitor Cell (4)
- Osteoblast (8)
- Osteoclast (2)
- Osteocyte (3)
- Pancreatic Stellate Cell (4)
- Pericyte (20)
- Podocyte (5)
- Preadipocyte (21)
- Progenitor Cell (15)
- Red Blood Cell (12)
- Retinal Ganglion Cell (3)
- Satellite Cell (2)
- Schwann Cell (4)
- Sebocyte (1)
- Sertoli Cell (5)
- Skeletal Muscle Cell (11)
- Smooth Muscle Cell (241)
- Spermatogonium (3)
- Stromal Cell (41)
- Synoviocyte (11)
- T Cell (39)
- Tenocyte (8)
- Trabecular Meshwork Cell (3)
- Trophoblast (4)
Disease
- Acute Lymphocytic Leukemia (ALL) (15)
- Acute Myeloid Leukemia (AML) (13)
- Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis (ALS) (4)
- Aplastic Anemia (AA) (1)
- Arteriovenous Malformation (AVM) (1)
- Asthma (5)
- Astrocytoma (2)
- Autoimmune Hemolytic Anemia (AIHA) (1)
- Autoimmune Lymphoproliferative Syndrome (ALPS) (1)
- Breast Cancer (8)
- Cancer (144)
- Cervical Cancer (2)
- Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia (CLL) (19)
- Chronic Myeloid Leukemia (CML) (14)
- Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD) (6)
- Colon Cancer (9)
- Crohn's Disease (3)
- Cystic Fibrosis (CF) (7)
- Diabetes (110)
- Diabetes Type 1 (16)
- Diabetes Type 2 (18)
- Diffuse Large B-Cell Lymphoma (4)
- Dilated Cardiomyopathy (DCM) (1)
- Duchenne Muscular Dystrophy (DMD) (5)
- Essential Thrombocythemia (ET) (1)
- Glioblastoma (3)
- Guillain-Barre Syndrome (GBS) (1)
- Hypertension (27)
- Idiopathic Thrombocytopenic Purpura (ITP) (1)
- Inflammatory Bowel Disease (IBD) (5)
- Iron-Deficiency Anemia (1)
- Kidney Cancer (3)
- Legg–Calvé–Perthes Disease (LCPD) (2)
- Leukopenia (1)
- Liver Cancer (3)
- Lung Cancer (12)
- Mantle Cell Lymphoma (MCL) (8)
- Melanoma (2)
- Mucopolysaccharidosis (2)
- Multiple Myeloma (MM) (12)
- Multiple Sclerosis (MS) (3)
- Muscular Dystrophy (MD) (1)
- Myelodysplastic Syndrome (MDS) (3)
- Neurofibromatosis (NF) (3)
- Non-Hodgkin Lymphoma (NHL) (10)
- Normal (2466)
- Osteoarthritis (OA) (5)
- Ovarian Cancer (6)
- Pancreatic Cancer (3)
- Pancytopenia (1)
- Parkinson's Disease (PD) (2)
- Plasmacytoma (1)
- Polycythemia (1)
- Prostate Cancer (6)
- Psoriasis (4)
- Rheumatoid Arthritis (RA) (7)
- Robertsonian Translocation (ROB) (1)
- Sickle Cell Anemia (2)
- Systemic Lupus Erythematosus (SLE) (4)
- Thrombocytopenia (1)
- Transverse Myelitis (TM) (1)
- Ulcerative Colitis (UC) (2)
- Waldenström Macroglobulinemia (WM) (2)
Description: Macrophages are cells produced by the differentiation of monocytes in tissues. Macrophages are ...
Description: Mouse Bone Marrow Macrophages are derived from the tibias and femurs of pathogen-free laboratory ...
Description: Rat Bone Marrow Macrophages are derived from the tibias and femurs of 5 weeks old Sprague–Dawley ...
Description: Peripheral Blood M0 Macrophages from Creative Bioarray are derived from peripheral blood (PB) ...
Description: Rat Resident Peritoneal Macrophages are derived from the peritoneal cavity of Sprague-Dawley Rats. ...
Description: Rat Peritoneal Macrophages are derived from the thioglycollate-elicited peritoneal cavity of ...
Description: Mouse Resident Peritoneal Macrophages are derived from the peritoneal cavity of pathogen-free ...
Description: Mouse Resident Peritoneal Macrophages are derived from the peritoneal cavity of pathogen-free ...
Description: Mouse Peritoneal Macrophages are derived from the thioglycollate-elicited peritoneal cavity of ...
Description: Mouse Peritoneal Macrophages are derived from the thioglycollate-elicited peritoneal cavity of ...
Description: Mouse Bone Marrow Macrophages are derived from the tibias and femurs of pathogen-free laboratory ...
Description: Mouse Resident Peritoneal Macrophages are derived from the peritoneal cavity of pathogen-free ...
Description: Mouse Peritoneal Macrophages are derived from the thioglycollate-elicited peritoneal cavity of ...
Description: Mouse Bone Marrow Macrophages are derived from the tibias and femurs of pathogen-free laboratory ...
Description: NPB-Macrophages are derived from negatively-selected peripheral blood monocytes and stimulated with ...
Description: NPB-Macrophages are derived from negatively-selected peripheral blood monocytes and stimulated with ...
Description: Creative Bioarray derives polarised M1 and M2 Macrophages (Mɸ) from CD14+ monocytes obtained from ...
Description: Hamster Bone Marrow Macrophages are derived from the tibias and femurs of Syrian hamster.